Pollution, wildlife and habitat management, land use and management, aquatic Themes in applied ecology: conservation biology, global change, environmental Must be clear potential for improving management. The editors encourage contributions that use appliedĮcological problems to test and develop basic ecological theory, although there Journal of Applied Ecology publishes novel papers that apply ecologicalĬoncepts, theories, models and methods to the management of biological resources Progressive cutting from a single patch would retain the largest amount of interior forest habitat. The spatial pattern of open areas is important as well, because small, dispersed openings result in less forest interior habitat than one large opening at the same percentage of fragmentation. We recommend that the combination of timber harvests and natural openings comprise < 25% of landscapes ⩾ 9 km2 in size. Conservation efforts for the marten must consider not only the structural aspects of mature forests, but the landscape pattern in which the forest occurs. Small mammal densities were significantly higher in clearcuts than in forests, but marten captures were not correlated with prey abundance or biomass associated with clearcuts. In these landscapes, the proximity of open areas created strips of forest edge and eliminated nearly all forest interior. Forested landscapes appeared unsuitable for martens when the average nearest-neighbour distance between open (non-forested) patches was < 100 m.
Marten capture rates were negatively correlated with increasing proximity of open areas and increasing extent of high-contrast edges. Martens were nearly absent from landscapes having > 25% non-forest cover, even though forest connectivity was still present. Martens appeared to respond negatively to low levels of habitat fragmentation, based on the significant decrease in capture rates within the series of increasingly fragmented landscapes. We focused on low levels of fragmentation, where forest connectivity was maintained and non-forest cover ranged from 2% to 42%. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on American martens (Martes americana Rhoads) by evaluating differences in marten capture rates (excluding recaptures) in 18 study sites with different levels of fragmentation resulting from timber harvest clearcuts and natural openings.
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